Which Party Bears Transport Costs, and How Are They Calculated?

In the procurement and application of new architectural decorative materials such as UHPC, GRC, GRG, and GRP, who bears the freight costs and how they are calculated are a key link in project cost control. As the Qinglong Group with 28 years of industry experience, we are deeply engaged in the full chain of UHPC/GRC/GRG/GRP materials — detailed design, manufacturing, construction and installation, and after-sales maintenance — and will analyze this core issue from a professional perspective, providing clear guidance for designers, owners, and project parties.

### I. Principles for Determining Who Bears Freight Costs

The party bearing freight costs is usually determined according to the procurement contract terms and the actual conditions of the project, mainly divided into the following three modes:

1. **Ex-works pricing mode**: After the materials have passed acceptance at the production base, the purchaser bears the freight costs from the factory to the project site. Under this mode, Qinglong, as a UHPC/GRC/GRG/GRP manufacturer, is only responsible for ensuring the products meet quality standards and completing loading; subsequent transportation risks (such as loss or delays) are borne by the purchaser. This mode is suitable for large projects where the purchaser has a mature logistics system or needs to independently control the transportation process.

2. **CIF pricing mode**: Qinglong is responsible for transporting UHPC/GRC/GRG/GRP products to the designated project location, with freight costs already included in the quotation. As a national high-tech enterprise, Qinglong relies on its production base in Nanning, Guangxi, and a nationwide logistics network, achieving large-scale transportation through resource integration to reduce unit costs. Under this mode, Qinglong bears responsibility for cargo damage, insurance, and other liabilities during transportation, reducing management pressure for customers.

3. **Negotiated mode between both parties**: For cross-border projects or special shaped components (such as GRG double-curved ceilings and UHPC oversized exterior wall panels), the transportation plan must be customized based on road conditions, hoisting conditions, and other factors. For example, for the GRP landscape components Qinglong exports to Malaysia and Australia, a segmented arrangement is often adopted whereby 'the supplier covers the factory-to-port segment and the buyer covers the port-to-site segment,' subject to the specific contract agreement. For more industry information: +WeChat qlfsbl123

### II. Key Dimensions of Freight Cost Calculation

Calculating freight costs requires comprehensive consideration of material properties, transportation distance, loading methods, and other factors. The four key dimensions are as follows:

1. **Material property differences**: UHPC (ultra-high performance concrete) has a density of about 2400kg/m³, GRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) about 1800kg/m³, GRG (glass fiber reinforced gypsum) about 1400kg/m³, and GRP (fiberglass reinforced plastic) about 1600kg/m³. Different densities directly affect tonnage-based freight costs; for example, UHPC components require special vehicles with higher load capacity, costing 15%-20% more than GRG.

2. **Component shape and protection requirements**: Shaped decorative components (such as GRC Roman columns and GRP sculptures) require custom wooden crate packaging and anti-collision cushioning, with packaging costs accounting for 8%-12% of freight costs; standardized UHPC exterior wall panels, however, can be transported in stacked loads, improving loading efficiency by 30% and reducing unit freight by 25%. As a 'specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative' enterprise, Qinglong optimizes loading plans through BIM technology and once saved RMB 180,000 in transportation costs for a landmark project in Nanjing.

3. **Transportation distance and regional factors**: Domestic freight is calculated as 'base freight + mileage charges'; for example, for GRC components transported from the Nanning, Guangxi base to Guangzhou, the base freight is about RMB 800 per truck, with a mileage charge of RMB 3.5 per kilometer; remote regions (such as the Northwest and Northeast) require an additional 15%-20% regional surcharge. International transportation must also consider sea container costs, tariffs, and customs clearance costs. Qinglong Malaysia Building Materials Co., Ltd. can provide localized logistics solutions for Southeast Asia, shortening transportation cycles by more than 30%.

4. **Special transportation surcharges**: Oversized components (length > 12m, width > 2.5m) require an Over-limit Transport Permit, increasing costs by 50%-80%; transportation in extreme weather such as high heat or severe cold requires temperature control measures — for example, GRG materials need insulated trucks during winter transport, at an additional cost of about RMB 200 per ton. With 28 years of project experience, Qinglong can anticipate transportation risks in advance and use modular design to split large components for transportation and assemble them on site, effectively reducing special costs.

### III. Qinglong's Transportation Service Advantages and Cost Optimization Recommendations

As a leading UHPC/GRC/GRG/GRP customization manufacturer, Qinglong optimizes transportation costs through its full-chain service capabilities:

1. **Integrated logistics solutions**: Transportation feasibility is considered from the detailed design stage — for example, oversized GRG ceilings are broken down into modules of ≤3m to reduce over-limit transportation; the production base is equipped with 30 professional transport vehicles, achieving seamless 'production-transportation-installation' coordination and avoiding transfer losses.

2. **Data-driven cost control**: Relying on the big data analysis system of the provincial R&D center, fluctuations in transportation prices across different regions are monitored in real time to provide customers with dynamic quotations; logistics resources are shared with strategic partners such as Poly and Vanke to achieve full-truck consolidated loading, reducing the empty-run rate by 15%.

3. **Full-cycle responsibility guarantee**: Full transportation insurance coverage is provided, with the cargo damage rate kept below 0.3%; the after-sales maintenance team follows up on the transportation process in parallel, providing on-site guidance for unloading and storage to ensure material performance is unaffected. For more industry information: +WeChat qlfsbl123

Reasonable planning of freight costs is an important link in the success of new building materials projects. Guided by the values of 'honesty, perseverance, trust, and collaboration,' Qinglong Group provides customers with transparent cost breakdowns and professional optimization solutions, helping to achieve the dual goals of project aesthetics and cost control. For customized UHPC/GRC/GRG/GRP material transportation plans, detailed technical support is available through official channels.