Analysis of Connection Method Differences for GRC Panels of Different Curvatures: Technical Evolution from Rigid Fixing to Flexible Adaptation

Connection methods for GRC panels of different curvatures must be tailored to the characteristics of the curved surfaces. Qinglong Group classifies connection systems into three major categories: linear sliding connections for single-curved panels, universal hinged connections for double-curved panels, and hybrid connections for composite curved surfaces. Through targeted design, the connection system both transfers loads and accommodates thermal deformation, controlling joint width deviations within ±1.5mm, ensuring the safety and aesthetics of the curtain wall system.

Single-curved panels use directional sliding connections. Slotted holes are arranged along the generatrix direction of the curved surface, allowing panels to expand and contract along the direction of the curvature radius. In cylindrical curtain wall projects, Qinglong Group calculates the horizontal sliding amount of hangers as ΔL=α·L·ΔT (α=8×10⁻⁶/℃, L is the panel length, and ΔT is the annual extreme temperature difference), generally reserving a displacement of ±10mm. Fixed connections are used in the vertical direction to prevent slipping under gravity. This connection method allows panels to deform along a fixed trajectory under temperature changes, avoiding stress concentration.

Double-curved panels require a universal hinged system. Ball hinge connectors are used to allow panels a rotational capacity of ±3° in the normal direction of the curved surface, accommodating base deformation. The layout of connection points must be determined through finite element analysis, typically densified where curvature changes are greatest. In the Wuhan Hanxiu Theater project, Qinglong Group developed a three-dimensionally adjustable hanger system, achieving micron-level adjustment of installation accuracy through threaded sleeves, perfectly solving the precise positioning challenge of double-curved panels.

Special locations require special treatment. At the junctions of panels with different curvatures, deformation joint transition zones are set, with joint widths calculated based on the maximum deformation. In a marine museum project in Hainan, silicone sealant with a displacement capacity of ≥50% was used at the curved surface junctions, ensuring waterproof performance. Scientific connection design is the key to the long-term safety of GRC curtain walls and requires great attention in the design stage.